ผู้เขียน หัวข้อ: The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do (อ่าน 591 ครั้ง)

anyaha · **เมื่อ:** เมษายน 23, 2020, 12:35:57 am

The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do
In December 2019 the Chinese authorities notified the world that a virus was spreading through their communities. In the following months, it spread to other countries, with cases doubling within days. This virus is the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 that causes the disease called Covid-19 and that everyone simply calls coronavirus. What actually happens when it infects a human and what should we all do?

A virus is really just a hull around genetic material and a few proteins, arguably not even a living thing. It can only make more of itself by entering a living cell. Corona may spread via surfaces, but it's still uncertain how long it can survive on them. Its main way of spreading seems to be droplet infection when people cough, or if you touch someone who's ill and then your face, say rubbing your eyes or nose. The virus starts its journey here, and then hitches a ride as a stowaway deeper into the body Its destinations are the intestines, the spleen or the lungs, where it can have the most dramatic effect.

Even just a few corona viruses can cause quite a dramatic situation. The lungs are lined with billions of epithelial cells. These are the border cells of your body, lining your organs and mucosa waiting to be infected. Corona connects to a specific receptor on its victim's membranes to inject its genetic material. The cell, ignorant of what's happening, executes the new instructions, which are pretty simple: copy and reassemble. It fills up with more and more copies of the original virus until it reaches a critical point and receives one final order, self-destruct.

The cell sort of melts away, releasing new corona particles ready to attack more cells. The number of infected cells grows exponentially After about 10 days, millions of body cells are infected, and billions of viruses swarmed the lungs. The virus has not caused too much damage yet, but corona is now going to release a real beast on you, your own immune system. The immune system, while there to protect you, can actually be pretty dangerous to yourself and needs tight regulation.

And as immune cells pour into the lungs to fight the virus, Corona infects some of them and creates confusion. Cells have neither ears nor eyes. They communicate mostly via tiny information proteins called cytokines. Nearly every important immune reaction is controlled by them. Corona causes infected immune cells to overreact and yell bloody murder. In a sense, it puts the immune system into a fighting frenzy and sends way more soldiers than it should, wasting its resources and causing damage.

Two kinds of cells in particular wreak havoc. First, neutrophils, which are great at killing stuff, including our cells. As they arrive in their thousands, they start pumping out enzymes that destroy as many friends as enemies. The other important type of cells that go into a frenzy are killer T-cells, which usually order infected cells to commit controlled suicide. Confused as they are, they start ordering healthy cells to kill themselves too. The more and more immune cells arrive, the more damage they do, and the more healthy lung tissue they kill.

This might get so bad that it can cause permanent irreversible damage, that leads to lifelong disabilities. In most cases, the immune system slowly regains control. It kills the infected cells, intercepts the viruses trying to infect new ones and cleans up the battlefield. Recovery begins. The majority of people infected by Corona will get through it with relatively mild symptoms. But many cases become severe or even critical.

We don't know the percentage because not all cases have been identified, but it's safe to say that there is a lot more than with the flu. In more severe cases, Millions of epithelial cells have died and with them, the lungs' protective lining is gone. That means that the alveoli - tiny air sacs via which breathing occurs - can be infected by bacteria that aren't usually a big problem. Patients get pneumonia. Respiration becomes hard or even fails, and patients need ventilators to survive. The immune system has fought at full capacity for weeks and made millions of antiviral weapons.

And as thousands of bacteria rapidly multiply, it is overwhelmed. They enter the blood and overrun the body; if this happens, death is very likely. The Corona virus is often compared to the flu, but actually, it's much more dangerous. While the exact death rate is hard to pin down during an ongoing pandemic, we know for sure that it's much more contagious and spreads faster than the flu.

There are two futures for a pandemic like Corona: fast and slow. Which future we will see depends on how we all react to it in the early days of the outbreak. A fast pandemic will be horrible and cost many lives; a slow pandemic will not be remembered by the history books. The worst case scenario for a fast pandemic begins with a very rapid rate of infection because there are no counter measures in place to slow it down.

Why is this so bad?
In a fast pandemic, many people get sick at the same time. If the numbers get too large, health care systems become unable to handle it. There aren't enough resources, like medical staff or equipment like ventilators, left to help everybody. People will die untreated. And as more health care workers get sick themselves, the capacity of health care systems falls even further. If this becomes the case, then horrible decisions will have to be made about who gets to live and who doesn't. The number of deaths rises significantly in such a scenario. To avoid this, the world - that means all of us - needs to do what it can to turn this into a slow pandemic.

A pandemic is slowed down by the right responses. Especially in the early phase, so that everyone who gets sick can get treatment and there's no crunch point with overwhelmed hospitals. Since we don't have a vaccine for Corona, we have to socially engineer our behaviour, to act like a social vaccine. This simply means two things:
1. Not getting infected.
2. Not infecting others.

Although it sounds trivial, the very best thing you can do is to wash your hands. The soap is actually a powerful tool. The corona virus is encased in what is basically a layer of fat; soap breaks that fat apart and leaves it unable to infect you. It also makes your hands slippery, and with the mechanical motions of washing, viruses are ripped away.

To do it properly, wash your hands as if you've just cut up some jalape?os and want to put in your contact lenses next. The next thing is social distancing, which is not a nice experience, but a nice thing to do. This means: no hugging, no handshakes. If you can stay at home, stay at home to protect those who need to be out for society to function: from doctors to cashiers, or police officers;. You depend on all of them; they all depend on you to not get sick. On a larger level, there are quarantines, which can mean different things, from travel restrictions or actual orders to stay at home. Quarantines are not great to experience and certainly not popular. But they buy us - and specially the researchers working on medication and vaccinations - crucial time.

So if you are put under quarantine, you should understand why, and respect it. None of this is fun. But looking at the big picture, it is a really small price to pay. The question of how pandemics end, depends on how they start; if they start fast with a steep slope, they end badly. If they start slow, with a not-so-steep slope, they end okay-ish. And, in this day and age, it really is in all of our hands. Literally, and figuratively. A huge thanks to the experts who helped us on short notice with this, specially Our World In Data, the online publication for research and data on the world's largest problems and how to make progress solving them. Check out their site. It also includes a constantly updated page on the Corona pandemic.

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Trump administration may rush vaccine

The U.S. surpassed 6 million confirmed Covid-19 cases and 185,000 deaths this week as new outbreaks erupted on college campuses and the virus moved further into rural areas. Some states are making progress against the disease: The country registered 34,000 new cases on Monday, the lowest single-day total in over two months, and coronavirus hospitalizations have dropped by 45 to 78 percent in California, Texas, Florida, and Arizona from their July peaks. But cases climbed in 32 states, particularly the Dakotas, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Iowa, which—despite having the higher number of cases per capita—will allow 25,000 football fans to attend Iowa State’s opening game next week. The start of college may be sparking new hot spots, with the University of Alabama reporting more than 1,300 Covid-19 cases since classes started in mid-August. The virus is like a “rolling fire,” said Amesh Adalja of Johns Hopkins University, “with certain flare-ups that occur in different parts of the country.”

FDA Commissioner Stephen Hahn said he was prepared to grant fast-track authorization for a Covid-19 vaccine as soon as October—even before mass clinical trials were complete, so long as the benefits of doing so outweigh the risks. Hahn said President Trump had not pressured him to approve a vaccine before the Nov. 3 election. Meanwhile, the Centers for Disease Control told state public health officials to prepare to distribute a vaccine to high-risk groups by Nov. 1. The CDC drew criticism from health professionals last week after it abruptly reversed its Covid-19 testing guidelines to say that people who had been in close contact with an infected person “do not necessarily need” a test if they show no symptoms.

Trump has a “new pandemic adviser,” said the Los Angeles Times, and he’s offering some dangerous advice. Scott Atlas, a radiologist with no background in infectious diseases, was spotted by Trump on Fox News and is now helping steer White House policy. Atlas wants the U.S. to adopt Sweden’s “morally reprehensible” herd immunity strategy. Never mind that letting 65 percent of the population get infected to reach herd immunity may result in millions of deaths.

“We hate to be the bearer of good news,” said The Wall Street Journal, but the U.S. is doing well in the fight against the pandemic. Although cases are rising in the Midwest, “the flare-ups so far are well below the spring Northeast debacle or the surge in the South and West.” States are getting better at protecting the elderly, and treatments are improving. Our goal now should be to “mitigate the virus’ damage” while reopening businesses and schools, “allowing Americans to return to some semblance of normalcy.”

The CDC’s new testing guidelines make no sense, said Faye Flam in Bloomberg.com. Some 40 percent of people infected with Covid-19 are asymptomatic, but they can still spread the disease to others. Rather than discouraging testing, the government should be advocating for mass testing so “the small fraction of people who actually have an active infection” can be quarantined while the rest of us regain our freedom. Discouraging testing only makes sense if your goal is to undercount cases. Who might that benefit?

Multiple news outlets reported last week that the CDC changed its testing guidelines “under pressure from the administration,” said Megan McArdle in The Washington Post. But political interference won’t stop the growing availability of fast, reliable Covid-19 tests. Abbott Labs has won approval for a test that “costs $5, returns an answer in 15 minutes, requires no specialized equipment, and can be produced in bulk.” You might soon be able to “stop at a drivethrough testing center,” get a result in under half an hour, then arrive at a dinner party with a “negative” certificate in hand.

As eager as Americans are for a vaccine, history shows why fasttracking one could be catastrophic, said Jen Christensen in CNN.com. In 1955, the government gave the first polio vaccine to 200,000 children; 40,000 kids contracted polio and some 10 died. An unsafe Covid-19 vaccine would light a fire under the anti-vaxxer movement. “All it takes is one bad side effect to basically botch a vaccine program that we desperately need,” said University of Michigan professor Howard Markel. “It’s a prescription for disaster.”

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5 best North American skiing: From major resorts to quirky diversions
1. Whistler Blackcomb, British Columbia

Though it’s enormous and known by skiers the world over, Whistler Blackcomb somehow still feels “intensely spiritual,” said Susan Reifer in Ski magazine. The resort’s two main mountains are surrounded by glaciers and “alpine lakes so vivid they look like something from a dream.” By many measures, Whistler is North America’s largest mountain resort, sprawling over 8,171 snow-covered acres. Whistler Village meets the demands of its diverse visitors with spas, restaurants, and hotels that appeal to “yogic meditators and hedonists alike.” Of course, the slopes are the main draw here, and some of the best snow is found away from the most wellcarved runs. Somehow, developing a familiarity with the terrain here “transforms a person—even one who is not naturally gifted—into the most capable of skiers.”

2. Banff National Park, Alberta
A trio of resorts in Alberta offers a pleasingly laid-back take on Canadian skiing, said Christopher Reynolds in the Los Angeles Times. Unlike the far livelier scene 10 hours west at Whistler, the resorts Sunshine Village, Lake Louise, and Norquay offer stellar slope experiences without the bustle. Stunning peaks line the horizon in Banff National Park, where the three resorts feature a combined 8,000 skiable acres. About 4,200 of these are at Lake Louise Ski Resort. While making your way up the Glacier Express chairlift to one of the more than 145 runs there, you can take in a view of the valley and spot skaters on Lake Louise, a partially frozen lake sitting under a glacier. An apr?s-ski scene in the town of Banff provides a chance to warm up, as do nearby hot springs.

3. Silverton Mountain, Colorado
The old-school, roughing-it conditions at Silverton keep “the soul of skiing” alive, said Christopher Steiner in Forbes.com. At 13,487 feet, Silverton Mountain is North America’s tallest ski peak and has no cut trails. A retired school bus pushed up against the snowpack serves as the mountain’s rental shop, and the base lodge consists of little more than a large pole tent with a wood-burning stove. Yet a range of skiers from “ski bum bros” to hedge fund managers takes advantage of the 1,819 acres of skiable terrain accessible by a single chairlift. Skiers also use the resort’s helicopter access to 22,000 more acres of raw slopes. The base lodge offers beer on tap, but more drinking options—as well as modern dining and lodging—are available only six miles away in the historic mining town of Silverton.

4. Jackson Hole, Wyoming

Jackson Hole is a resort that attracts hardcore skiers who want to “challenge and scare themselves,” said Dina Mishev in The Washington Post. It continues to offer some of the stiffest tests a skier can find in America, but the resort is also evolving to expand its appeal. New lifts added over the years have made some intermediate terrain more accessible, while existing trails have been improved and widened. Visitors may bump into celebrities in Teton Village, but the real thrills are on the 116 named ski trails and “a 3,000-acre experts-only playground of unpatrolled, ungroomed, uncontrolled terrain.” For advanced skiers, nothing matches the bowls, glades, and chutes of Rendezvous Mountain. On Rendezvous’s steep side-country couloirs, “falling is not an option.”

5. Marquette, Michigan

Many winter enthusiasts in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula enjoy snow without skis, thanks to “fat bikes,” said Melanie D.G. Kaplan in The Washington Post. “A cousin of the mountain bike,” a fat bike has tires about twice as wide as its relative, and with about one-third the air pressure. “The ride is steady and slow,” but the special gear allows for better control on snow. “Beginners and experts alike can’t help but wear a grin” when fat biking, and the fad has spread from its birthplace in Alaska all across the country. Marquette recently expanded its Noquemanon Trail Network, a hot spot for cross-country skiing, to include a 15-mile snow-bike trail that’s considered one of the best in the country. Not that you don’t have other options: “If you’re headed somewhere snowy this winter, chances are you’ll find fat-bike rentals.”

Berlin, 25 years after the Wall
A quarter century of freedom has done a number on the Berlin I once knew, said Zofia Smardz in The Washington Post. Back in the 1980s, West Berlin was “an island of freedom in a communist sea” and East Berlin “a forbidding fortress of a place, gray and lifeless.” But then the Wall that seemed as if it would last forever came tumbling down, the Cold War standoff between the Soviet Union and the West ended, and the “chic and fashionable” Berlin I loved busted loose. With the 25th anniversary of the Wall’s fall approaching, I decided to go back, landing in a Berlin that’s vigorously erasing its old dividing lines. Today, “it’s all one big, sprawling city—open and free and exhilarating.”

Of course, remnants of the Wall remain. What I find at Checkpoint Charlie shocks me: Near a replica of the guard booth where American MPs once checked the papers of people hoping to pass between West and East, tourists flood souvenir shops while actors in military garb pose for photos at $3 a shot. Boisterous street signs advertise curry sausage shops, while a couple of tiny, neon-painted cars drive by, honking. An “air of revelry” enlivens this display of “capitalism with a capital C”—and “I love it.” A Wall memorial on Bernauer Strasse offers a more sobering experience, though I spot some girls doing cartwheels nearby as I walk along a row of metal rods indicating the Wall’s route.

The spirit of giddy renewal feels especially strong in the Mitte district, “the formerly forlorn heart of Berlin.” Deluxe hotels and other towers are rising, and a “glitzy” restaurant now sits on the roof of the Reichstag, the 19th-century parliamentary building that sat largely abandoned throughout the Cold War. After dinner there, my husband and I stroll the spiraling walkway inside the building’s large glass dome and admire the Brandenburg Gate below. Berliners can now casually wander through the gate, but I’m sure the young international crowd I see rarely ponders how amazing that is. “That whole East-West thing? So 25 years ago.”

Wandering storybook Dubrovnik
The Croatian city of Dubrovnik “excels at playing versions of itself,” said Davin O’Dwyer in The Washington Post. Located on a “spectacular” stretch of the Dalmatian coast, the so-called Pearl of the Adriatic has been so fastidiously repaired since the bombardment it suffered during the 1990s’ Croatian War of Independence that you’d need a guide to spot the damage. Recently, Dubrovnik’s walled Old City has gained millions of new admirers by filling a featured role in the hit HBO fantasy series Game of Thrones. “A perfect real-world substitute” for the capital of Westeros, the latemedieval city core is “a town-size living museum”—and a true architectural marvel.

The Old City’s main thoroughfare, the Stradun, struck me as “one of the most perfectly proportioned streets I’ve ever walked along.” The wall’s main gates lie at either end, and the gates’ adjoining bell towers “act as visual exclamation points book-ending the gleaming stone pavement and the cream-colored buildings in between.” Narrow lanes branch off that central spine, leading up or down flights of stairs that “keep framing the city in stunning vertical shafts”—creating postcard views of a cathedral’s dome, say, or of stacked terra-cotta rooftops. Even so, the Old City’s “most breathtaking attraction” has to be the mile-and-a-quarter-long walkway atop the wall that rings it. “The finest view of all” came where the wall meets the Minceta tower and “the collage” of bell towers and red rooftops was set against the sea beyond.

The revival of the Old City and its global embrace have pushed out many longtime residents, and that thought was playing on my mind when I returned to the Stradun on my last day. At Orlando’s Column, a monument to a Norman knight, a large group of men dressed like medieval guards surrounded a chained prisoner who seemed to have been badly beaten. But then a director yelled, “Cut!” and I was struck by the notion that Dubrovnik is particularly good at offering the illusion that past and present, reality and fiction, can coexist in one place. “It’s an illusion, in truth, that I didn’t want to end.”

A Cuban town barely touched by the 20th century
Trinidad, Cuba, is a place that time has “blessedly” passed by, said Linda Mack in the Minneapolis Star Tribune. A frequent stop on guided tours of the island nation, this town of 60,000 was built on sugar money and slave labor, but more than 1,000 of its colonial-era buildings remain intact, and its historic center feels “far from fossilized.” Walking its ankletwisting cobblestone streets recently, I was surrounded by one-story 18th- and 19th-century houses occupied by multigenerational families and spilling with life. “Doorways opened to restaurants and bars and the music that is everywhere in Cuba.” Loosened restrictions on U.S. travel to communist Cuba have slightly increased the presence of American tourists in Trinidad, but it remains a world apart. On its narrow streets, automobiles are outnumbered by horse-drawn carts.

Our group arrived shortly before sunset one day, after a long bus ride through mostly unpopulated countryside. Trinidad is set back from the sea against the Escambray Mountains, and we enjoyed mojitos on the terrace of our state-run resort before descending the dark cobblestone street into town. At Casa de la M?sica, one of three venues that offer music nightly, we joined locals spread among open-air bistro tables to listen to salsa and watch a fire-eater. Some of the town’s old villas, we later discovered house the private restaurants called paladares, which have become Cuba’s hottest attraction. A highlight of our stay was a dinner at Sol Ananda Paladar, a restored 1750s villa where chandeliers of varying styles hang from wood beams and a bongo-playing female singer and her three-guitar band played a great set while we ate.

Fourteen thousand slaves once worked in the region outside town known as the Valley of the Sugar Mills, but their owners lived luxuriously in town. Many of their villas are now museums, including one focused on archaeology and another on the decorative arts. The Municipal History Museum is “even more sumptuous.” Its many rooms enclose a large courtyard, and a three-story tower offers panoramic views across the city’s roofs toward the distant ocean and the nearby mountains.

Kerala, India—‘God’s Own Country’
In most any other corner of the world, local inhabitants couldn’t invoke a slogan like the one above without sounding “unbearably self-satisfied,” said Davin O’Dwyer in The Washington Post. But Kerala, the state that hugs the southwest coast of the Indian peninsula, is beautiful enough to wear the label comfortably, especially given the variety of religious communities that share and embrace the land. Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and even some Jains peacefully coexist here, as is apparent in “the busy juxtaposition of towers, minarets, and spires that sit cheek by jowl in every city, town, and village.” Though each vista offers a new variation on lush green, the landscape of Kerala is otherwise “as diverse as its people”—encompassing stunning beaches, a lacework of backwater canals, and the “glorious” hillside tea plantations of the Western Ghats.

After a short stay in Fort Kochi, a quaint heritage city, my girlfriend and I journeyed to Eravikulam National Park to soak in an unrivaled view of the state’s rolling western countryside. Anaimudi mountain, a forbidding peak whose name means “Elephant Head,” loomed to one side as we looked out on the tea plantations arrayed below us. Near the hill-station town of Munnar, the tea bushes “cling to the hills like a soft emerald carpet,” while paths created for the pickers cut patterned grooves—“as if some god-like cartographer had inked contour lines on the mountain slopes.”

We took an overnight cruise along the Malabar Coast before enjoying “one of the quintessential Kerala experiences”—a slow voyage in a kettuvallam, or thatched houseboat, through the canals and rivers that crosshatch a vast expanse of emerald-green rice paddies. Pretty cottages and churches often lined the way, and children at play stopped their games to wave to us. Once, when we paused for lunch, we watched a duck herder in a canoe using a long stick to expertly chaperone hundreds of waterfowl toward the riverbank. The entire excursion was so serene that it wove “a kind of meditative spell, like a deep-tissue massage for the soul.”

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1. Our pets see things we can’t
Have you ever wondered why your cat has ‘mad moments’ where it seems to chase nothing, or your dog barks at thin air? The truth is, they may well be reacting to something out of our visual range. It’s been
known for some time that certain creatures like insects and fish see ultraviolet light, often using it as a guide to find their next meal, or to avoid becoming one. Now new research has revealed a far greater number of critters see some degree of UV, including cats and dogs, which might help explain some of their more unusual antics!

2. Chickens eye up new state of matter
As if being the closest living relative of the T-rex didn’t come with enough kudos, chicken’s eyes could host a unique state of matter. Known as ‘disordered hyperuniformity’, the phenomenon has been studied in other materials, like plasma and liquid helium, for several years, but this is the first time it has been observed in a living organism. A cross between liquid and crystal states, disordered hyperuniform materials appear to have a haphazard structure on a micro level, but on a wider scale demonstrate rigid uniformity. Birds may have evolved this ordered chaos to get optimum vision out of small eyes.

3. Earth’s forests are being watched
Using 500 million images captured by NASA’s Landsat satellites, as well as reports from the ground, the Global Forest Watch is keeping a close eye on Earth’s forests. All the raw data is fed into the Google Earth Engine, with algorithms created by the University of Maryland. The resulting maps reveal the shocking extent of deforestation in near real-time, with the images of threatened rainforest updated monthly. In the
visualisation above red areas show the estimated 2.3 million square kilometres (888,035 square miles) of forest lost between 2000 and 2012.

4. Dark Chocolate really is good for us
Chocolate might not be the first thing you’d think your doctor would prescribe, but a recent Dutch study has found a little dark chocolate can help ward off heart problems. While we’ve known for some time that
cocoa has nutritional benefi ts, we haven’t understood why. This latest research revealed that participants
eating 70 grams (2.5 ounces) of dark chocolate per day over a month experienced improvements in vascular function. Arteries were more flexible and fewer white blood cells stuck to vessel walls – both of
which reduce the risk of atherosclerosis (artery hardening) – the biggest cause of heart attacks.

5. The Moon has a new crater
Astronomers in Spain have observed the biggest-ever impact on our Moon. Predicted to have weighed in at 400 kilograms (900 pounds), the asteroid was travelling at 61,000 kilometres (40,000 miles) per hour when it struck our satellite last September, resulting in collision energy equivalent to 15 tons of TNT.

6. Phones take on tsunamis
Although mobile phones are often lauded as being ‘lifesaving’ gadgets, it is generally more figurative than
literal. Now a new mobile technology is transforming the ubiquitous device into an early-warning system, which sends text messages to those most in harm’s way during a natural disaster. Developed by RegPoint, the innovative system is being launched in India this April, in conjunction with the Indian National Centre for
Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). It will send an SMS alert to those signed up in at-risk areas immediately after a tsunami or typhoon has been detected and offer guidance of where to go and what to do.

7. Bubbles could fight urban pollution
With pollution levels in cities around the globe ever rising, we’ve seen many proposals to generate cleaner air for city dwellers. Few are as extreme as the idea pitched by architectural firm Orproject though. They think the answer lies in urban parks enclosed in huge bubble-like domes made of light, transparent material based on natural structures like leaf veins. Because the gardens within the bubble are sealed, temperature and humidity can be monitored and controlled year-round and the air can be kept free of fumes and other contaminants outside. As well as public parks, the bubbles could also be adapted to sit over school
playgrounds or apartment roof gardens.

8. Augmented reality is ready for the battlefield
Helmets have always been designed to save lives, but today’s most advanced models do far more than just deflect incoming projectiles. Indeed, the Q-Warrior helmet-mounted display can help us see in the dark, provide detailed route maps through a war zone and even identify friend from foe – all on a mini screen directly in front of our eyes. The technology is likely to be issued to commanding officers on covert operations initially to help co-ordinate a team, but could one day be a part of every soldier’s kit.

9. There is a new speed king in town
After several years of chasing the title, the Hennessey Venom GT has staked a new claim as the world’s fastest production car. It reached 435.3 kilometres (270.5 miles) per hour on a NASA runway. Boasting a V8 engine with a ground-shaking output of 1,200 brake horsepower, it has just about bumped the archrival Bugatti Veyron off the top spot, which has held the record since 2010 at 431.1 kilometres (267.8 miles) per hour.

10. Earth’s crust is 4.4 billion years old
It’s difficult to wrap your head around it, but this blue crystal is the oldest part of our world ever found. Researchers estimate it formed just 160 million years after our Solar System was born, 4.4 billion years ago. Discovered in western Australia, the staggering age has now been confirmed using two dating techniques. Having previously measured the decay of uranium particles into lead, more recently the zircon
crystal underwent atom-probe tomography that mapped out its atomic structure; both arrived at the same age. The team believe this discovery lends weight to the theory that Earth was hit by a planet-sized body in its formative years, leading to the Moon and a cooling process that resulted in our oceans.

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Two horror stories and urban legends from Japan

We are still in the month of Halloween, that is why this time we bring you some urban legends from Japan. We invite you to take this terrifying tour of different scenarios in the company of various ghosts and / or spirits, whose origin is loaded with culture and a vast Japanese superstition.

Two horror stories
REVERSE APPLAUSE

A young couple went on a car ride to a spooky place in the middle of the night, however, once they reached their destination they had an argument. The young man decided to leave and left his girlfriend there alone. Soon after, the boyfriend realized that leaving his girlfriend in a haunted place was not the best thing to do, so he returned for her.

Once they met, they reconciled and left together as if nothing had happened.

On the way back, they saw a man on the side of the road who greeted them. However, the man did not greet them with his palm, but with the back of his hand.

Then the bride said:

-How sad, he's alone here at this time of night. Let's take it home.

"No," replied the groom. "People who do such actions in reverse are no longer from this world," he added.

"Wow, that's incredible!" Said the young woman and immediately clapped her hands.

The groom looked down and realized that she was clapping with the back of her hands.

WE ARE FRIENDS, RIGHT?

A group of two men and two women went to a party at the university. The four of them had been friends since high school so they had a lot to talk about. As things got animated they began to discuss the possibility of going out on a little test of bravery.

Finally, one of the men drove and took his companions into a tunnel that was " haunted ." The place where the tunnel was located was old and covered with vines.

They all got out of the car curious and started taking photos as they made their way through the tunnel and then returned to the car. However, even though everyone had returned to the vehicle, the driver would not start the car.

"Why don't you start?" The three asked in unison. "Let's go, let's go," they asked.

The driver, who always said something, remained silent as he trembled.

Finally he spoke:

-We are friends… aren't we…?

The question was sudden and strange. Despite this, his friends replied:

-Of course we are friends, why wouldn't we be?

"So," he said, "would you mind looking at my feet?"

The three friends looked at his feet.

Just at that instant, two white hands came out of the floor of the car and held tightly to his ankles. Friends screamed as they ran out of the car and left the driver behind.

When they calmed down, they returned to find their friend, but he was nowhere to be found.

They searched the area carefully until one of the women pointed a shaking finger at the vines in the tunnel.

The driver was entangled in them.

Urban legends of Japan
THE PEOPLE Sugisawa Escondido deep in the mountains of the prefecture of Aomori , therea town called S ugisawa.

Legend has it that one day a man from the village went mad and killed everyone who lived in the village and then took his own life. Nadia knows why she lost her mind, or why she took the lives of all the people who resided there.

As a result of this horrible crime, the village was left empty as the local government decided to leave the town abandoned and denied the events that occurred that day. And finally, they erased all traces of the village on the local maps.

According to legend, it is impossible to reach Sugisawa unless the straight road leading to the mountains is abandoned.

There you will find a warning sign at the entrance that says: "You can enter, but do so at your own risk"

THE RED QR CODE

Normally QR codes are black, however, in districts with red lights it is possible to find these codes on telegraph poles or in the front of shops stuck like graffiti. But when morning comes, these disappear.

These codes should not be read with the phone reader. If you do, your cell phone will be infected with a virus that will slowly force everything to stop working. Also, it will link you to a website that sells vulgar movies. When you open this bright red site, you will see several cursed words written there. Then it will redirect you to a website where you can watch a movie of your own death.

THE CRIMSON GRANDMA

There is an old woman who appears in the girls' restrooms in high school, named Crimson Grandma . When a girl is in the bathroom she hears a voice asking her:

-Do you know the crimson grandmother?

If you answer "yes," this ghost will appear within a week and ask for some water. The only way to get rid of it, is:

-I don't have water to give you.

However, if you mess up and accidentally give her some water, she will drag you to your death.

MARY-SAN

Mary-san is the story of a doll that was abandoned after a family moved in and threw it in the trash by accident.

The doll is said to make several phone calls in which it announces that it is getting closer and closer to you. First it says that it is in the garbage, then that it is in the station near your house and so on until it arrives in front of your home.

Finally you will receive one last call and you will hear a voice saying:

-I'm Mary-san and now I'm right behind you.

Mary-san or Merry-san (as it is called in Japan) is a popular urban legend in Japan that always ends with the phrase " now I'm right behind you . " Added to this, the terror caused by the idea that the doll is slowly approaching where you are, made this story very famous, mainly because nobody knows what happens in the end.

There are various fanfics and illustrations of this character and in 2011 a movie called Mary's Phone Call was released .

Where was this legend born?

One of the first things you might think of after hearing this story is why is there an urban legend with a doll named Mary in Japan?

This is due to the different versions of this legend. In fact, in some cases it is a doll named Riko-chan . Also, the origin of this story is unknown to date, but it is rumored that it may be based on a real person named Yokohama Mary.

After World War II, Japan faced many difficulties, among them, they experienced a shortage of food. As a consequence, many women had to engage in prostitution to survive and one of them was Yokohama Mary . The woman was an old woman who painted her face completely white and wore ruffled dresses, like a doll. He was often seen standing in a particular corner of Yokohama . This caught the attention of the media in the 1980s, when several reports were made about the "strange" people who lived in Tokyo.

Mary disappeared in the 1990s, although it was later revealed that she had moved to a nursing home and is believed to have passed away in 2005.

It is not uncommon to think that someone created the story of Mary-san from this person who dressed like a doll, however, no one knows her true origins.

SUKIMA-ONNNA: THE WOMAN FROM THE HOLLOW

Sukima-onna , also known as the woman in the hole, is a female ghost that appears in any corner of your bedroom.

Legend has it that one day a man felt that someone was watching him from inside his room. However, since the man lived alone, it was evident that no one was there; except for him. Restless, he searched his room, but unsurprisingly he found nothing. He thought someone might be spying on him from outside, yet his curtains were closed. He thought maybe there was a camera in his room or maybe someone had installed an audio device. As he thought about these possibilities, he became even more concerned and decided to search every corner of his room again and then found where the gaze was coming from.

Right in the slim gap between the dresser and the wall a woman was staring at him.

You may have already heard of sukima-onna , as it is a very popular figure not only within Japan, but also in the West.

This ghost or specter appears in the holes in people's bedrooms.

For example, between the dresser and the wall as you just read in the previous story or it can also be under the bed, behind the curtain and in the drawers. No gap is too small for her, and the only way to avoid her gaze is to make sure every little gap is covered. That includes cracks in the floor, wall, and doors.

In Japan, these gaps and / or spaces are believed to be a connection between this world and the other.

Its origin

Its story begins when a samurai, named Negishi Yasumori , who worked in a high administrative position in the Edo period , collected stories and anecdotes for thirty years. These accounts came from various people, including colleagues and elders.

After a while, he wrote ten volumes with one hundred stories each entitled Mimibukuro . It is in these volumes that the first account of S ukima-onna is found .

Three related legends
KUCHISAKE ONNA

Kuchisake-onna is a ghost who assaults high school students when they go home after school. It is said that he wears a red coat regardless of the season of the year and always wears a surgical mask that completely covers his mouth.

If you meet her, she will ask you:

-I'm pretty?

If you answer "yes," she will remove her mask and say:

-What about now?

There you can see that he has a cut in his mouth that goes from ear to ear.

It is said that it is almost impossible to escape from her, because she is very fast and if she manages to catch you, she will take an oz of her coat and leave you a cut from ear to ear as big as hers.

Despite her terrifying figure, the methods of breaking free from her are relatively straightforward. One of them is to answer "maa-maa" (more or less) when asking if she is pretty. This will confuse her and give you time to escape.

Another method is to say "ointment" three times. If you manage to do this, she will hesitate and you will be able to run away. This is because according to her story, the doctor who performed the surgery used a lot of pomade on her hair and it made her sick. It is also said that spraying her with real pomade works, even if you write the word on your hand and show it to her, you will have a chance to run.

Its origin

There are many versions regarding its origin. The best known relates that a woman underwent plastic surgery which went very wrong and left her mouth open. That is why to release his anger he attacks students after school.

It may interest you: All about the Yokai. Japanese monsters and ghosts
This legend began to spread throughout Japan during the spring and summer of 1979, inspiring fear in students across the country. It was so much that during those years police patrols were dispatched to ensure that children returned safely to their homes in Fukushima, Kanagawa prefectures and protection groups were also deployed in Hokkaido.

KASHIMA-SAN

Kashima-san is the story of a woman named K ashima Reiko who suffered both abuse at home and at school. With nowhere to go, the girl decided to commit suicide and threw herself onto the train tracks. The lower part of her body was severed, but she did not die immediately. On the contrary, his torso continued to crawl for some time in search of the severed half of his body.

Kashima Reiko will appear high into the night within three days to all who hear her. She will try to snatch your lower body away, however there are a couple of incantations you can chant to drive her away.

The first day you can chant " kashima-san" three times to make it disappear.

On the second day you can sing "Ka wa kamen no ka shi wa shibito no shi ma wa mamono no ma" . This means "The ka is for the ka of the mask, shi is for the shi of the dead person and ma is to ward off evil from goblins and / or specters."

But on the third day, no matter what you sing, nothing will work.

Finally, and to completely scare her away, you must share Kashima Reiko's story with someone within three days. It is the only way to break his spell.

TEKE TEKE

Teke Teke is one of the best known legends of Japan because it is a story that has taken away the tranquility of many inhabitants of Japan who believe in its existence.

It is about a young woman who was the victim of a joke by her classmates. She was waiting for the train as usual when her companions scared her and made her fall onto the tracks by accident. However, no one helped her so she was run over and her body split in two.

Since then, T Eke Teke is a female ghost who lacks the lower part of his body and his image so terrifying that causes panic anyone who sees it .

Teke teke is a vengeful spirit who crawls with his hands until he reaches the station and attacks with his sharp claws in such a way that he leaves blood marks on his victims. It is also said that she has taken revenge by pushing others to suffer the same as her. So much so, that even if the person is not near the train, she uses her claws and the part in the middle to make it become onemore teke teke .

In Japan (as well as in many other countries), it is a custom to honor with stories and / or legends what happens in their lands. That is why many people have verified that this is a true story in order to eradicate their evil.

There are some fatal cases of fans of the paranormal, who decided to investigate the mystery that surrounds this urban legend and of which no more was known.

It should be noted that kashima-san is an Japanese urban legend that is often linked to kuchisake-onna and teke teke . In fact, the origins of teke teke seem to be in the history of kashima-san , while the latter and kuchisake-onna became popular at the same time. Because of them, in some versions it is said that Kuchisake-onna's real name is Kashima Reiko or that Kashima-san is her daughter.

Although there are many variations regarding the true origin of these spectra, after knowing their stories it is not difficult to see why they are related.

After reading all these legends, especially those that talk about ghosts, we can see that most of them are female entities. This is due to cultural notions of Japan, since, since ancient times and according to the beliefs of the Edo period , women had a greater tendency to become yurei (ghost and / or soul in pain) because of their emotionality that would lead them to exact revenge after his death. Therefore, it is not surprising that, to this day, not only on the big screen, but also in urban and local legends, women are the protagonists.

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The Failed Suicide
A desperate man tries to arrange multiple, simultaneous methods to bring about his own death, but they cancel out one another. For example, the man may stand on a high cliff above the sea with a noose around his neck tied to a tree, a loaded gun in one hand and a vial of poison in the other. He drinks the poison, fires the gun toward his head, and jumps; but the shot severs the rope, he survives the fall, and the seawater that he swallows causes him to vomit up the poison. He swims to shore.
A less complicated version of the story describes a man leaping from a high window after having an argument with his wife in their apartment or being fired by his boss. The would-be suicide lands on top of his wife (or his boss, who has gone out for lunch after the unpleasant job of firing the man). The wife (or boss) dies, but the man lives. In his tell-all book about the insurance industry Andrew Tobias relates yet another variation on the theme of failed suicides, attributing the case to “an Alabama man,” who:

swallowed a fistful of sleeping pills, drove to the middle of a bridge, got out, and, just as the pills were beginning to rob him of his consciousness, jumped. It was fifty feet to the water. The fall did not kill him, the cold water, after a time, revived him, and, after floating for quite a long time, he finally managed to pull himself out of the current and drag himself out of the water. He suffered a heart attack from the exertion; and, while lying there, some wild dogs came along and chewed on him awhile. He died.
“Was it suicide?” Tobias asked, then quoting the state toxicologist, “ ‘not suicide but the strain and stress of the situation’ that killed him.” No source is cited for this remarkably legend-like account.
Variations of failed-suicide stories have circulated orally, in typescript, and on the Internet but are also published from time to time, sometimes to illustrate human behavior, the random nature of events, legal and moral aspects of suicide, and the like. One such printing by a British expert on forensic medicine described the multiple-means-of-death version as “a classic of its kind . . . not susceptible to confirmation.”

The Fallen Angel Cake
This story was published in 1980 in a Sydney, Australia, newspaper and, in 1982, in a slightly different version in a small-town Canadian newspaper. Both reports described it as an actual incident well known to the local population, so probably it is a widespread apocryphal account, that is, a modern legend. Less likely—indeed barely possible—is that the same mishap occurred twice in far distant places. A woman bakes an angel food cake for her church’s bake sale, but when it comes out of the oven the center of the cake collapses. Lacking time to make a second cake, the woman uses a roll of toilet paper to build up the center of her cake, and she frosts over the whole thing. She rushes her cake to the church sale, then gives her daughter some money and instructs her to hurry to the sale, buy it back, and bring it directly home. But the daughter arrives too late; the cake has already been sold. The next day the cakebaker goes to her bridge club, and she finds that the hostess has bought
her cake and is serving it for dessert. Before the woman can warn her, the hostess acknowledges a compliment on the beautiful cake, saying, “Thank you. I baked it myself.”

David Holt and Bill Mooney tell a slightly more elaborate version involving “Marge” and her daughter, presumably set in the United States, in their anthology The Exploding Toilet (see bibliography). Appropriately, each story in their book is followed by a small drawing of a roll of toilet paper hanging from its holder.

Fan Death
A belief rampant in South Korea—supported only by anecdotal evidence, rumors, and word-of-mouth stories (some circulated by e-mail)—holds that sleeping in a room with windows closed and an electric fan running will cause death. The notion of Fan Death continues among immigrant
South Koreans, as a 2008 article in the Toronto Star demonstrated. An instructor in an English as a Second Language class (ESL) encountered it in this way, while conducting her class during the winter in a sweltering classroom in an older building at the University of New Brunswick: “We couldn’t open the windows because it was freezing rain,” she said. So I told the class, “Tomorrow we’ll have to remember to bring a fan.” Her comment upset a Korean student, immediately distressed at the
prospect of an electric fan running in a room with closed windows. “The student told us that if you are in a sealed room with an electric fan, it will lower your body temperature and you will die,” [the instructor] said. “It was so weird to see someone so convinced of something that everyone else in the room thought was so ludicrous. Another person said she slept with the fan on all the time and (the upset student) said, ‘Well, you are very lucky to be alive.’ ”

Other explanations of the supposed danger of Fan Death are that the moving air causes a body to lose water and leads to hypothermia, that a fan causes a vortex that sucks oxygen from the room; that the fan chops up oxygen molecules, rendering the air unbreathable; and that the fan uses up oxygen, leaving a fatal level of carbon dioxide. Fan Death hysteria is further encouraged in South Korea by reports in the media and even by government statistics showing supposed fatalities caused by sleeping with a fan running. Electric fans sold in South Korea are equipped with timer switches.

The Fart in the Dark
This is a story of the general “Surpriser Surprised” type (and “The Nude Surprise Party” subtype) in which a person is embarrassed by his or her shocking behavior in the presence of others who have been brought together to surprise the victim. The surprisers are themselves surprised, in this instance by the victim’s indiscreet breaking of wind (expelling gas from the intestine). The story is told in the United States and England (and perhaps elsewhere) as both a legend and a joke, as well as being distributed in the form of a piece of Xeroxlore titled “The Gastronomical Bean Story.” A person has a great fondness for baked beans but has to give them up because of their effect—causing severe attacks of intestinal gas. Unluckily, the bean-lover indulges himself/herself in a large serving of beans on his or her birthday. The gas has built up alarmingly when the person’s spouse (or girlfriend, boyfriend, roommate, etc.) announces a surprise.

The bean-lover is left alone blindfolded in an empty room to await the surprise. Unable to hold it any longer, he or she breaks wind loudly and repeatedly. Then the party planner returns and removes the blindfold, revealing a roomful of friends gathered to celebrate the birthday. A literary treatment of the story appeared in Carson McCullers’s 1940 book The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, and a short film titled The Date dramatized the story in 1997. Another version of “The Fart in the Dark” describes a young woman’s flatulence overheard by a double-dating couple seated in the rear of a car but unobserved by the victim when she is let into the front seat.

Fast Food
Fast-food franchise restaurants selling mainly hamburgers, pizza, Mexican food, and related side dishes are often the targets of negative rumors and legends, particularly those that claim serious contamination of the foods. Likely there is some element of guilt involved in circulating such lore, as people realize that fast foods offer speed, low cost, and efficiency at the expense of a balanced diet and wholesome food prepared at home from fresh ingredients.

Some typical contaminants described as having invaded fast foods are worms, pet food, meats considered inedible for most humans (e.g., cats, dogs, horses, kangaroos), and body substances (semen, pus, blood, urine). Such stories are told about named companies, indeed, even about specific
local franchises, and the stories tend to gravitate toward the largest companies (the so-called Goliath effect) and to switch from company to company. Actually, most fast-food restaurants are probably operated in a more consistent and hygienic manner than are many small individual Mom-and-Pop eateries. Besides contamination, fast-food stories may claim that companies are owned by unsavory conspirators or that a portion of their enormous profits are diverted to support evil ends.

The Fatal Boot
A legacy of the American frontier, this tall tale continues to have some currency as a modern legend. A man is struck by a rattlesnake whose fangs penetrate his boot and kill him. Unnoticed by anyone, one fang breaks off in the boot, and two successive generations of men in the family wear the same boot and are killed by dried venom remaining on the fang. Finally, someone inspects the boot closely and discovers what has happened. The boot in the story may be that of a cowboy, rancher, logger, hiker, hunter, and so on. In an updated version, a rattlesnake’s fang is broken off in a rancher’s truck tire, killing a mechanic who changes the tire. Although thoroughly discredited by herpetologists, this rattler story (among others) has persisted since the late eighteenth century. In the 1960s, a roadside tourist attraction in Florida displayed a shoe with the fatal-boot story attributed to it, and probably other such places have exploited the same tale.

A report from a legend-debunking article in a 1910 magazine seems to refer to a close relative of “The Fatal Boot” in another American story. Samuel Hopkins Adams, thoroughly skeptical of such yarns, wrote: Under the heading “Fatal Spider Bite” there is a considerable and interesting newspaper bibliography. The details do not analyze well. . . . The instance of a young woman in an Eastern state is significant. Thrusting her foot into an old slipper, she felt a sharp jab upon the point of her index digit. Upon hasty removal of the footgear, she saw, or supposed she saw, a large and ferocious spider dart forth. This, to her mind, was evidence both conclusive and damning. Seizing upon the carving knife, she promptly cut off her perfectly good toe, bound up the wound, and sent for the doctor, thereby blossoming out in next day’s print as a “Heroine who had Saved her own life by her Marvelous Presence of Mind.” The thoughtful will wonder, however, whether the lady wouldn’t have got at the real root of the matter by cutting off her head.

Ernest W. Baughman indexed two strains of the frontier tale. Motif B765.19(a) The fang in the boot kills wearers in succession showed up as a believed legend throughout the East and Midwest, while Motif X1321.4.10*, Detached snake fang kills person long after the snake is killed, had similar distribution more as a humorous tall tale than a belief legend. (Each of these motifs has several variant forms also indexed by Baughman.) However, “The Fatal Boot” has an even wider range of connections, beyond American folklore. Thompson’s Motif N335.4, Accidental death from flying splinter of bone, a motif recorded at the time only from Africa, seems to echo the snake-fang story with a sharp piece of bone substituting for the fang. The possible connection between the two stories is further suggested by this Japanese legend, “The Hunting Dog’s Revenge,” translated from a 1928 source:

A hunter who lived near here had a hunting dog for years, but gradually the dog got so old, lame, and tired that he couldn’t do what his master wanted. So the hunter got angry at the dog. But the dog growled so that the man knew he would get bitten if he tried to push it too hard. So he decided to kill his dog. He took him way back into the mountains and shot him with his hunting rifle and left him there. About three years later, though, he got curious about what had happened to his dog’s carcass, so he went back up to the place where he had shot it. To his amazement, he found the dog sitting up there, but as just a skeleton, as if he were looking at his master. This annoyed that hunter so much that he kicked the skeleton aside, and it fell over in a heap. But with this kick, a small sharp bone was driven into the hunter’s leg, where it pained him and caused such a bad infection that finally he died from it.

The Fatal Cleaning Lady
The following story of a supposed series of bizarre and mysterious deaths in a South African hospital circulated worldwide on the Internet: Cleaner polishes off patient “For several months, our nurses have been baffled to find a dead patient in the same bed every Friday morning,” a spokeswoman for the Pelonomi Hospital (Free State, South Africa) told reporters. “There was no apparent cause for any of the deaths, and extensive checks on the air conditioning system, and a search for possible bacterial infection, failed to reveal any clues.” However, further inquiries have now revealed the cause of these deaths. It seems that every Friday morning a cleaner would enter the ward, remove the plug that powered the patient’s life support system, plug her floor polisher into the vacant socket, then go about her business. When she had finished her chores, she would plug the life support machine back in and leave, unaware that the patient was now dead. She could not, after all, hear the screams and eventual death rattle over the whirring of her polisher. “We are sorry, and have sent a strong letter to the cleaner in question. Further, the Free State Health and Welfare Department is arranging for
an electrician to fit an extra socket, so there should be no repetition of this incident. The enquiry is now closed.”

Arthur Goldstuck, Johannesburg journalist and urban-legend researcher, looked into the story, comparing press accounts of the supposed incident and interviewing writers who had worked on them. He demonstrated how the highly suspicious and poorly documented story originally published in an Afrikaans-language newspaper had been magnified and standardized by other publications, then began circulating on the Internet, becoming, as Goldstuck termed it, “South Africa’s . . . most famous urban legend of the 1990s, as far as the rest of the world was concerned.”

The Fatal Golf Tee
An avid golfer plays the game frequently and is in the habit of putting his tee into his mouth after his first shot and keeping it there during the whole game. Eventually he dies from pesticides that were transferred from the golf course’s grass via the tees to his body. Fairways and greens heavily treated with chemicals have, indeed, been the cause of illness and even occasionally death among golfers,
particularly professionals who play often and long. But there are no verifiable reports of this contamination coming specifically from a tee carried in someone’s mouth.

The Fatal Initiation
A legend of modern college life is based on the traditional narrative motif (N384) of someone’s death resulting from severe fright. As part of his initiation into a fraternity, a young man is blindfolded, then made to believe that he has been cut and is bleeding or has been branded with a red-hot iron. (Actually, although he is shown a knife or the branding iron in advance, after he has been blindfolded, he is touched only with a piece of ice.) The initiate dies from the shock. In a variation, the fraternity
pledge is led to a high cliff, blindfolded, then told he will be pushed over the edge. Although he is merely pushed over a drop of two feet, he dies from shock as he stumbles and falls. The appeal of this horror legend in colleges during the 1940s diminished as some fraternity initiations actually did lead to deaths in later years, usually as a result of binge drinking. A story reported by Elizabeth Tucker from Alfred University in Alfred, New York, was told in 2003 as an explanation for why Greek organizations were banned on that campus: Like many other fraternities at other schools there is one night where the pledges get blindfolded in a car and are dropped off in an unknown location without phones, money, credit cards, or other means of help and are expected to find their way home somehow. [Only 13 of the 14 pledges return. When the others go back to search for their missing companion, they find only] . . . a red bandana from the blindfolded car ride.

FBI Stories
There may be a larger genre of legends about the major U.S. government law enforcement agency, but so far only two FBI stories have been noted by folklorists. “The New Identity” claims that after the FBI furnished aMafia informer with a completely new identity—name, invented background, plastic surgery, a new profession, and so on—no sooner had they moved him into his new home than the man received a fund-raising letter from the alumni association of his alma mater. It was addressed to his original name. “Watch the Margins” claims that J. Edgar Hoover, the longtime director of the FBI, enforced strict guidelines for the length of memos and the widths of top and bottom margins. Once when an agent’s report had margins that were too narrow, the director wrote on it, “Watch the
borders!” Immediately a horde of extra agents was assigned to the American borders with Canada and Mexico.

Fear of Frying
Horror stories told of people trapped by their seat belts in burning cars after an accident, unable to get free, who suffer a terrible death. People use such stories as a rationale for not buckling up when they drive or ride—not a good idea, according to auto safety experts. One such pro commented “This myth of being trapped in a burning car remains, yet no scientific study has ever shown this to be true . . . A person wearing a seat belt and involved in a fiery crash is more likely to be conscious and
able to escape than someone not wearing a seat belt.” For those who still fear frying in a car wreck, there is a device sold under the name “Life

Fifi Spills the Paint
Professional painters know this ploy—and some may actually have practiced it—as a way to place the blame for a spillage on the customer’s pet: A painter working inside an expensive home happens to tip an open can of paint onto a valuable rug or a beautiful parquet floor. He grabs the customer’s yappy little toy poodle, sticks the dog’s feet into the mess, and exclaims, “Fifi! Bad Dog! Look what you’ve done!” The story has been told among trial lawyers to illustrate (as one lawyer put it) “how seductive yet weak circumstantial evidence can be.” A variation on this story illustrating the same point has young boys or girls put the blame for eating some forbidden food onto the family pet.

5 CREEPIEST URBAN LEGENDS
10 CREEPY URBAN LEGENDS FROM AROUND THE WORLD
10 URBAN LEGENDS THAT INSPIRED REAL CRIMES

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Supernatural Urban Legend
Calls From Beyond Urban Legend
A middle-aged man was on a train to Los Angeles, on his way to a job interview. He had recently become engaged, and he hoped that the job would allow the pair to marry. At 4.30 p.m. the vehicle collided at 85 mph with a freight train running in the opposite direction, in one of the worst accidents in America’s history.

His fianc?e heard about the crash while driving to the train station with the man’s parents and his siblings. Several of his loved ones received calls from the man’s mobile phone so they naturally assumed that he had survived the accident, even though all they could hear when they picked up was static. Although their subsequent calls to him went straight to voicemail, all through the night they waited for confirmation that he had been found alive and well.

Twelve hours after the accident, having tracked the signal from his mobile phone, rescuers finally located him in the wreckage. He had died instantly in the crash…and yet 35 calls had been made from his phone—only to his nearest and dearest—as if the mobile had been reaching out to help lead them to his body.

Midnight Fare Urban Legend
A taxi driver working the night shift on a quiet Sunday was driving past a hospital. A young girl hailed him down and hurried into the car to get out of the rain. She was wearing a hood and her hair partly obscured her face. She requested that he take her to a lake nearby, which he thought was odd, but he reasoned that perhaps she lived near it. She didn’t answer any of his questions, so he drove to the destination in silence, with the rain drumming on the car.

When they arrived, she asked him to wait for her, and she disappeared into the darkness. He waited for a long time, not wanting to abandon the girl out there on her own. Finally, she returned and asked to be taken to a new address, this time to a neighborhood that the driver knew. When they arrived, the girl got out of the car without paying the fare and disappeared inside a house. Annoyed, the driver got out of the taxi and knocked on the door.

An elderly man opened it but there appeared to be no sign of the girl. When the driver asked about his mysterious passenger, the old man said that there were no children in the house, but then he explained something: he once had a daughter, but she had drowned in the lake in a car accident with her boyfriend many years earlier. He said that sometimes her spirit caught a cab to look for him in the lake, before returning to her childhood home. The old man asked, worried, “You didn’t get a good look at her face, did you?” The driver replied he had not, and the old man smiled, “Good.” He then paid the fare and closed the door. When the taxi driver got back to the car, he saw that in the place where the girl had sat down was a puddle of black water.

Nure-onna Urban Legend
Japanese children are often told the story of a keen swimmer who went for a dip every day in the lake near his house in the mountains. Usually, he was the only person there, as he swam early in the morning when the water was very cold. One day he thought he saw someone else in the lake but, as he approached the water, he realized that they weren’t swimming—they were drowning. It was a young woman, waving her hands silently above the surface of the lake, so he dived right in and swam powerfully to her rescue. As he got closer, he saw the girl’s long black hair swirling around her as she slipped beneath the choppy waters.

He moved to grab her but suddenly his legs felt heavy and he could barely move his arms. He couldn’t understand what was happening, but then he noticed something strange: the girl was no longer struggling but staring directly at him with black eyes. As he desperately tried to keep his head above water, he realized that instead of hands she had claws, and instead of legs she had the body of a great snake, which was wrapping itself around his torso and dragging him down into the depths. He was never seen again—being a hero can have its consequences…

Clack Clack Urban Legend
An American boy was sleeping over at a friend’s house and they were both trying to outdo each other with telling scary stories. He’d seen all of his older brother’s scary movies, so he wasn’t that impressed with what he had heard so far. Then his friend’s cousin turned up, heard what game they were playing and, despite their protestations, sat down and joined in. He told them about a girl who was waiting for a train to her high school prom one night, when she saw a group of her friends on the other side of the tracks. Not wanting to be left out, she ran over a crossing just as the train was coming, and the wheels cut her in half at the waist. Ever since, people had reported seeing her legless ghost at the school, especially on prom night, when it was said that she would cut your body in half. And anybody who heard the story would see her in one month’s time.

A few weeks later the boy was walking home from school, when a girl appeared over a wall and smiled at him. He smiled back and continued on his way when he heard a strange “clack clack” noise behind him. He looked around in horror: the girl was crawling over the wall, dragging herself on bony elbows. As she dropped to the floor, he saw that she had no legs and when she started crawling towards him, her elbows made the spine-chilling clack clack noise, as she gained on him. He didn’t turn up to school the next day.

The Doll Urban Legend
For decades a small doll kept at a temple in Hokkaido prefecture, Japan, has captured the attention of Japanese people. The story goes that the doll, which has black hair and black eyes, and wears a traditional kimono, was the favorite of a little girl who died tragically young in the 1920s. The girl carried the doll everywhere she went and, after her premature death, the family placed her favorite toy in an altar in her memory. The girl had cropped the doll’s hair short to look like her own, and people would often comment that it looked suspiciously like its owner.

Not long Urban Legend
afterwards, the family noticed that the doll’s hair appeared longer than it had been. Although they dismissed the notion as a figment of their imagination, eventually they couldn’t ignore the fact that the hair was growing. When it reached the doll’s knees, the family, suspecting some insensitive prank, cut the doll’s hair so that it was short again but, of course, it only grew back longer. The family eventually placed the mysterious toy in a local temple, where it remains to this day. The monks at the temple cut the doll’s hair on a regular basis and it always grows back. Many years after the doll arrived at the temple, the hair was tested and found to be that of a young child.

Tunnel Visions Urban Legend
A busy highway in Tokyo, Japan, runs through a tunnel that lies underneath a very large and very old cemetery. The graveyard is not visible when driving a car underneath, but many drivers are said to have felt its presence over the years. A man driving back from a late shift at work one night narrowly avoided hitting what he swore was a young mother with a small child, but after he managed to get his car under control and swerve to a stop, he saw that there was nobody there. His friends blamed lack of sleep, but he was sure there had been somebody standing in the middle of the road.

People in the know would say that he witnessed one of the sinister spirits emanating from the graveyard above and becoming trapped in the tunnel, stuck between this world and the afterlife. On more than one occasion drivers, usually male, have described how they glanced in their rear-view mirror and caught sight of a young girl with long black hair on the back seat, staring straight at them. If they managed to keep their car on the road and checked again, they would find that there was nothing there. Other reports include people hanging upside down or banging on car roofs, and mysterious handprints and faces appearing on windows. The area’s taxi drivers are particularly wary: all of them know the stories of cabs being hailed by people in the tunnel, only for them to disappear when the door is opened.

Hanako-san Urban Legend
Anybody who grew up in the West knows the urban legend of Bloody Mary, who will appear if you say her name three times into a mirror in a darkened room. The Japanese have their own version: you must go into an empty girls’ bathroom and knock on the door of the last cubicle three times, then ask aloud, “Are you there Hanako-san?” When you open the door, you will see a young girl who was brutally murdered in a high school bathroom many years before. She always wears a red skirt.

Benjamin’s House Urban Legend
At the turn of the twentieth century, a wealthy family bought an old mansion in the south-west of England, high on the cliffs in a remote location, overlooking the sea. They lived with their young child, a boy named Ben, and several servants. Stories would reach the local villagers, who rarely saw the inhabitants of the house, that the owners were distant and cruel to their staff, who had little other choice of employment in the area. The devoutly religious lady of the house singled out one of the maids, a young cook, for particularly cruel treatment, claiming that the girl was evil and that she was corrupting the rest of the staff.

The maid would often return late from her weekends off, and the other servants liked to gossip: they said that she was a harlot, a liar and even a witch. She was a strong-minded girl and instead of denying the rumor, she played up to the stories told about her. When the boy’s father found her performing strange rituals in the grounds of the house, she was beaten and dismissed. Before she left, she offered a doll to the boy, who had always liked her despite his parents’ suspicions, as a peace offering. His parents were all for throwing it away, but the boy liked it—in fact, it became an instant favorite, and he even named it after himself: Benjamin.

He dressed the doll in clothes to match his own and would never let it out of his sight—or was it that he was never out of its sight? The boy would often talk to Benjamin in his room alone, even pretending to speak in its voice. His parents thought his behavior strange, but as he had no other friends to speak to and it kept him occupied, they let him be. Occasionally, the servants heard him arguing with the doll in his bedroom and one morning they heard him sobbing uncontrollably from behind a locked door. They told his father, who found the little boy hiding under the bed, because he said that Benjamin couldn’t see him there. The father was again ready to get rid of the doll but the boy pleaded to let him keep it in the house.

A rumor started among the servants that the boy was not talking for the doll; the doll was talking for itself. It became common to hear loud noises coming from the boy’s room at night, and when the door was opened, he would claim that Benjamin had done it. One of the maids reported being “followed” by the doll and spotting it at different upstairs windows, as if it were watching her work. It was said that the doll’s face had a different expression depending on who was looking: sometimes happy, sometimes sad—sometimes angry.

The urban legend stories eventually caught the attention of a writer who was staying in the village and decided to investigate. He was rebuffed by the owners, who denied all knowledge, but he persevered. He managed to talk to some of the staff, who told him that the doll had a distinctive piercing laugh, which could be heard in the upper floors of the house, and was often spotted sitting in different rooms of the house when the boy wasn’t at home; one servant even claimed to have seen it running across the hall. Eventually, the boy grew up, but he never left the house—and he never left Benjamin. When he died many years later, the household wasted no time in banishing the toy to the attic, where it was sometimes glimpsed peering out of the windows. The doll remained in exile upstairs for many years, until the house’s new owners moved in. They had a little girl who one day, while roaming in the attic, discovered an old well-worn doll with a sad look on its face. Soon Benjamin was up to its old tricks: the girl appeared to be terrified of the doll, saying it had attacked her, but she couldn’t bear to be parted from it. On one occasion, her older brother beheaded Benjamin with scissors and left it on the floor as a cruel sibling prank, only to find the doll the next day in his bedroom…with its head reattached and smiling.

anyaha

Supernatural Urban Legend 2
The Highgate Vampire Urban Legend
In the 1970s a London newspaper covered a juicy story that was terrifying the residents of a well-to-do suburb in the north of the city. The cast of characters included: a top-hatted gentleman thought to be a vampire who had been sighted several times—he apparently escaped from a cemetery each night to find fresh victims—and a vampire hunter with a band of dedicated followers. The paper reported that people walking in Highgate cemetery, resting place of many famous individuals including Karl Marx, had seen ghostly figures following them at night. A few days later it emerged that graves in the cemetery had been disturbed and the remains of a ritual act were found. Most disturbingly, an iron stake had been driven through the lid of a coffin and into the corpse inside.

The paper interviewed the self-proclaimed vampire hunter: he claimed that whoever had placed the stake in the coffin was mistaken and that the monster was still at large. Moreover, he declared that he and his followers had stalked the vampire as he was leaving the cemetery and that the creature was actually the reanimated corpse of an eighteenthcentury European gentleman: he had been transported to London in a coffin after his death and was now possessed by evil spirits. The hunter claimed that he had tracked down the vampire to a great mausoleum in the cemetery, where he had had the chance of putting a stake through his heart as he was sleeping. However, he did not carry out the deed, as it would have been illegal to desecrate a body in such a fashion, but he took sensational photographs of the creature’s evil, contorted face and scattered garlic in the vault.

Then the body of a woman was found in the grounds of the cemetery, not far from the mausoleum, causing a furore in the media. Hundreds of people turned up at the cemetery night after night in an attempt to find the vampire. The police had to guard the place for several nights to put the locals’ minds at rest. The hunter eventually cornered the vampire in a nearby mansion, where he had found refuge in a coffin. They performed an exorcism, put a stake through the creature’s heart and burned the corpse, thus ending the threat forever.

Modern Vampires Urban Legend
In Romania, land of the original Dracula, old habits die hard. Rumors of vampires rising from graves to prey on the living are still popular. In Transylvania in 2004, a group of villagers were worried about someone who had been recently buried. They thought he was responsible for a series of recent attacks in the community and decided to revert to ancient techniques in order to stop the crime spree. They went to the cemetery to dig up the body, which, they noticed, looked a lot fresher than would be expected, and a stake was driven through the heart. Then the organ was cut from the torso and burned, according to tradition. No more attacks were reported.

Vampire folklore has a long history in Romania, home as it was to the man who inspired Dracula: Vlad the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia in the fifteenth century. Vlad got his nickname because of his habit of impaling captured enemies on stakes. He carried out this practice with so many of his enemies that one visitor to the country described a “mighty forest” of corpses stuck on stakes that stunk to high heaven. When he complained to the Prince, it’s said that the same visitor was “impaled high up, so that the smell of the others would not bother him.”

It’s not just in Eastern Europe that stories of vampires cause people to take drastic action. In rural nineteenth-century New England, an outbreak of tuberculosis took hold, killing many, and as the disease tended to kill several members of the same family, worried locals surmised that the dead were taking others down with them. In order to try to arrest the outbreak, they invoked ancient rituals designed to stop vampires. In 1892 the Brown family of Exeter, Rhode Island, were hit by the disease. A young girl, Mercy, died, and her mother followed soon afterwards.

As inevitably happened with the disease, Mercy’s brother also fell ill. The family felt that their only option was to exhume and examine the bodies. The father enlisted the help of villagers for the job; they found that Mercy, who had died two months previously, looked suspiciously lifelike and that her heart contained fresh blood. This was a sure sign that she was the vampire to blame for the deaths, so her heart was cut out and ritually burned. The ashes were given to her brother on his sickbed, while others inhaled the smoke in a belief that it would protect them. Unsurprisingly, neither method worked.

The School Bus Urban Legend
Several decades ago, an odd urban legend story appeared in a local newspaper in a rural region of Wales. On the last day of term, a school bus taking children home was making its usual crossing over a railway line that ran up a mountain. The driver never liked taking the children over the crossing, but he had done it hundreds of times without incident. However, this time something went wrong, and the bus stopped right in the middle of the tracks. As the driver frantically tried to restart the engine, his worst nightmare began to come true: he heard a train sound its horn in the distance. Within seconds a heavy goods vehicle was looming large in the window. His first instinct was to save the children, so he leapt from the bus and smashed open the emergency exit. The last thing he heard was the terrible noise as the locomotive’s brakes screeched in vain and the children screamed as they jumped off the bus. The last thing he saw was the train driver above him, shielding his eyes as he awaited the inevitable. The train obliterated the bus, but by some miracle only the bus driver lost his life.

Over time the small mining community slowly forgot about the accident, until a recent story appeared in the same paper. It reported that an elderly man, a retired teacher, was driving over the same railway crossing when his car stalled on the tracks. The alarm began to sound and his panic grew as he fumbled with his seat belt. Just as he opened the door, and the guard rails lowered behind him, he felt the car shift, as though it was being lifted up from underneath, and the next thing he knew the train was thundering past behind him, so close that it rocked the car. He was so shaken that he had to get out of his vehicle and call his wife to drive him home, which is when he checked the back of his car for damage: the train had missed it by a foot. It was also at that moment that he noticed the marks on the boot of his car: they were bloody handprints. The man looked around in a panic, but there was no one else in sight.

Red Paper Urban Legend
Japanese children scare each other by repeating the tale of what happened to two schoolboys many years ago. One day one of the boys went to the bathroom, only to find that there was no toilet paper in the stall. As he cursed to himself, he heard a voice asking him whether he wanted red or blue paper. He answered “red” and all the blood seeped out of his body so that he died in minutes. The story spread around the school. Some months later the boy’s friend found himself in the same toilet stall, and again there was no paper. He heard the same voice ask him what paper he would like. Knowing the story and remembering what had happened to his friend, he chose blue. Gradually, his throat began to tighten and soon he was struggling to breathe. Classmates found him dead, blue in the face from suffocation.

The Survivor Urban Legend
One sunny summer day, a young couple were driving down to the coast for a vacation. They had left the town and were winding through the hills when they noticed a woman at the side of the road, flagging them down. She looked distressed and her clothes were covered in blood, so they quickly pulled over and asked her what had happened. She struggled to get her words out; she appeared to have an injury to her neck and was in pain. They finally established that she and her family had been in a car crash, although there was no vehicle visible from the road. The woman pointed over the side of the valley, saying that the car was somewhere down there and her husband was dead, but her baby was trapped in the back seat and he was still alive when she left him.

The man started to clamber down the valley through broken trees, while his girlfriend said she would call for help and look after the woman. He saw that the car had rolled a long way down the hill, and looked in a very bad way, but as he got closer he could hear the muffled sounds of a young child. The wreckage was terrible and he could barely see the driver. Although the back door was bent into the frame, he tugged with all his might and managed to wrench it open. He was able to pull the screaming baby out and carry him back up the hill.

As he hurried back to his girlfriend, he noticed that the woman was no longer with her. “Where did she go?” he asked.
“She went to see her baby. I tried to stop her,” replied his girlfriend.
So the man handed the baby over and returned to the crash site to find the boy’s mother. As there was no sign of her, he checked the rest of the vehicle. He hauled the smashed windscreen out of the way and saw that the driver was clearly beyond help, so he turned his attention to the passenger and what he saw took his breath away: it was the mother who had flagged them down, clearly dead and trapped in the wreckage all that time.

Esmeralda Urban Legend
Around 100 years ago, a sensational urban legend story filled the papers in Nottingham, England. A young gypsy girl named Esmeralda, who was visiting the area with her family, was raped one night and the attacker was never found. It was said that the police weren’t bothered about the fate of a traveller. What the papers didn’t know was that she had fallen pregnant after the attack and gave birth to a child, but he was horribly deformed and didn’t survive his first year. He was buried in an unmarked grave in a field on the borders of the city. Esmeralda was said to have visited the place every time she came through the area with her family until she was middle aged. On one occasion she found that the grave had been dug up, the coffin opened and the body taken. After struggling to deal with the memories of her ordeal for many years, the shock of that discovery tipped her over the edge and she lost her mind. Esmeralda was shunned by her community and ended her days in a cruel asylum in the city.

The urban legend story was forgotten, and the field became a children’s playground after the war. For many years locals had reported strange happenings at the site: some described the sounds of a baby crying, or something like the shrieks of a fox or a feral cat. Children playing would find the mutilated remains of animals, such as birds, cats and once even a large dog. A newspaper report warned parents that a young girl had been approached by an old woman wearing strange clothes who had asked if she had seen her child and then had muttered a curse when the girl ran off.

One night in the 1960s, a man was walking his dog, a German shepherd, through the park. The dog was running off the leash when his owner heard him growling somewhere in the darkness. He called for him, scared that he might bite a stranger, but then came a terrible yowling, and the animal raced back to his side, whimpering. It had a vicious gash on its nose and was limping. Then the man heard something wailing from the trees, like nothing he had heard before, and caught sight of something moving quickly across the ground towards him. He didn’t wait to see what it was and ran home as fast as he could.

anyaha

Supernatural Urban Legend 3
The Woman in White Urban Legend
A group of children were playing in a river in their hometown near Mexico City—a place they usually visited to let off steam. A woman appeared and started to ask them questions. She stood out from the locals because of her appearance: she was dressed all in white and immaculately groomed. She spoke quietly and occasionally sobbed, asking the children if they had seen Marcus and Gabriela, whom she called her “little babies.” One of the boys was called Marcus, but he didn’t know the lady, so they ignored her.

The woman disappeared as quietly as she had appeared. When the time came to leave the river, the children noticed that Marcus was missing. They assumed that he had gone home by himself and thought nothing of it, but by the next morning he hadn’t turned up and the whole town was looking for him. He was eventually found face down in the river; he had drowned. His family assumed he had got into trouble while swimming with the others, until one of the children told her mother about the woman in white and how she had been looking for her children. When Marcus’s mother heard the tale, her blood ran cold; she knew who had taken her son. Three more children from the town disappeared over the following month, and each death was preceded by a sighting of the pale-faced woman in white, asking after her children.

Centuries earlier, when the Spanish invaded South America, a beautiful native interpreter became involved with one of the commanders and had two children by him. The man eventually married a Spanish woman, shunning his native mistress and their offspring. In her grief she went mad and drowned the children in the river before leaping off a bridge herself. She tried to enter heaven, but could not gain access without her children, so she was condemned to roam the earth, trapped between the living and the dead. The urban legend goes that she wanders the land looking for her children, taking any she finds that resemble her own and drowning them, in order to bring them to heaven to try to receive forgiveness for her terrible crimes.

La Mala Hora Urban Legend
Maria from Arizona received a phone call from her best friend, Rosanna, who sounded distraught. Rosanna was breaking up with her boyfriend and he had left the house in a rage, so she asked if her friend could come and keep her company. As Maria’s husband was away on a business trip, she was feeling lonely so she decided to accept. It was late, just after midnight, when she left her house in her car, and the dark roads were deserted. She couldn’t escape the feeling that something was watching or following her, but she told herself that it was just her mind playing tricks.

Halfway to her destination, she stopped at a crossroads and suddenly a dark shape, like a cloud of smoke, rolled towards her car. Then it disappeared. The lights turned green and she accelerated but immediately slammed on the brakes when she saw a figure in the road right in front of her. She was small, like a girl, but with the face of an old lady twisted into a hateful grin. Her eyes glowed red, and she bared black and sharpened teeth. She crawled on top of the car, and started to scrape and hit the window on the driver’s side with clawed hands. Maria put her foot to the floor in sheer terror and the car lurched away from the crossroads, leaving her attacker on the tarmac. As she sped away from the lights, she realized with horror that the demon woman was still chasing her car and somehow keeping pace, her talons scraping at the metal with a terrible noise. She accelerated to well over the speed limit, her heart pounding, and then the noise stopped. Her heart was hammering in her chest as she watched in her rear-view mirror the figure in the middle of the road: she was standing still but seemed to be as close as before; she was growing towards the sky and her great claws were so large that they touched the ground. Then the car turned a corner and she was gone.

When Maria reached Rosanna’s house, she screeched to a halt, ran up the drive and slammed her fists on the door, shouting to be let in. Her friend opened the door in fright, and Maria told her to shut it and lock it. She closed all the curtains and told Rosanna not to look out of the window.

“What happened?” Rosanna asked, and Maria explained what she had seen on the road: the dark shape, the woman with claws and how she seemed to grow in the moonlight behind her. Her friend listened quietly, kept looking at her watch and seemed to know what she was talking about.

“Are you sure you were stopped at a crossroads?”
“Yes, I’m sure,” replied Maria, listening carefully for any noises coming from outside.
“It may have been la mala hora,” explained Rosanna. “It means “the evil hour”. They say she appears at a crossroads when someone is about to die. If you manage to escape her grasp, someone you love will die in your place.”

Maria was horrified, but she tried to make light of it, saying that she must have imagined the whole thing. However, she knew that she hadn’t, and she couldn’t stop shaking.

It took her hours to get to sleep, but when she awoke the following morning, she wondered if it had all been a dream. Rosanna didn’t mention anything over breakfast and Maria slowly forgot about it. Later that day, as she was driving home, her phone kept ringing but she didn’t stop to answer it. She had to pass over the same crossroads on her journey back but was relieved to find that in the daylight she wasn’t frightened. When she reached home, she saw a police car waiting in her driveway and wondered whether she had been burgled—or maybe her husband had been caught speeding again?

The officers got out of the car but wouldn’t tell her anything until she went inside. They asked if she was alone in the house and said that her husband had been found dead in his hotel. They thought that he had been followed back to his room by a thief, who had forced his way in and stabbed him to death for his wallet. Maria didn’t want to believe them, as she had spoken to him late the night before, so she asked what time it had happened. “Not long after midnight,” came the reply.

The Psychic Urban Legend
A girl and some friends went to a show put on by a “psychic medium” at a local theater. They didn’t know if they really believed in those sorts of things, but they thought it might be fun. Who knew, they might even get an insight into their future! One of their friends had been to see the same psychic for a private tarot card reading, and been told that she would find the man of her dreams and marry him within six months. As that’s exactly what then happened, maybe there was something to it after all!

It was a fun evening, if a little creepy at times, as the psychic seemed to be aware of things that only they and their loved ones knew. The psychic did a reading of the cards for the girl’s friends, writing something inside an envelope for each of them, and said that they could open them straight away or later at home. They all tore them open and read out predictions about marriage, heartache and great wealth.

Then the psychic asked the girl to come up to the stage and laid out the cards. She looked at her with a pained look on her face and claimed that something was stopping her from seeing clearly—had she lost a loved one recently? The girl replied honestly that she hadn’t. The psychic asked to read her palm instead and traced the lines on her skin, nodding solemnly. “I can see your future now, my dear; it’s all very clear.” She laid down her hand and handed her an envelope that she already had in her pocket. Her friends begged her to open it, but the girl pretended not to be too bothered by the whole affair, saying that she would leave it until she got home.

Once the evening ended, the girl bid farewell to her friends and drove home alone. She had pulled out onto a main road and was looking at the envelope lying on the passenger seat, thinking about what might be written inside, when she was startled by the blast of a horn and flashing of lights. A large lorry had missed the back of her car by inches as she pulled out in front. She breathed a sigh of relief and drove on nervously.

Eventually, she couldn’t resist the temptation any longer and leaned over to pick up the envelope. As she did so, the car drifted slightly over the white dividing lines of the road, just enough for a car coming from the opposite direction to smash into hers and shove it violently into the path of the following truck. She was killed instantly. When the firefighters arrived to cut her body out of the wreckage, they found a bloodied envelope on the floor. It made its way to her family, who decided to open it. The card inside said, “You have no future.”

Cow Head Urban Legend
A teacher in China was travelling with his students on a school trip in the mountains above the town where they lived. It was a long journey and the students, who had grown bored and restless, started to play up, so the teacher suggested that they should tell each other stories. He joined in and told them several spooky tales that soon kept them quiet as the night drew in. Then the bus driver asked him if he’d ever heard of a very old urban legend story known only as “cow head.”

The teacher looked shocked and went quiet for a moment. He told the driver that he had heard of the story but didn’t know how it ended. Besides, he had heard that it was too frightening for children. Some said that people who had merely listened to the tale had lost their minds, and there were even rumors that it had taken lives. The bus driver smiled to himself, but the children overheard their conversation and were soon clamoring to hear the “cow head” story.

The teacher reasoned that he couldn’t do any real harm, as he didn’t know the whole story anyway; he could make it up as he went along. He started to tell the tale of a government official who had arrived to take a census in a remote village in the mountains, many decades ago. The last census had suggested that there should have been several hundred citizens there, but the place was completely deserted. The only signs of life were the bones of animals scattered in the dust. The official found the place unnerving and travelled to the next settlement, a long way over a mountain pass, where he asked what had happened to the villagers.

They said that nobody knew for sure, but there were rumors that they went mad and ate each other during a terrible famine. The official called in colleagues from the government to investigate. Amongst the animal skeletons, they found the strange remains of a man with what appeared to be the head of a cow. Locals said that the man had seemed perfectly normal when he first arrived in the village, but he had brought a terrible curse down upon them.

At this point in the narration, the children on the bus started to cry and asked the teacher to stop telling the urban legend story. But something had come over him: he was no longer in control and he continued with the tale as though in a trance, staring dead ahead. The children were trying to cover their ears and some started to foam at the mouth. They attempted to move from their seats but their arms were pinned down by their sides. The teacher continued to recite the urban legend story with a blank look in his eyes, a tale that became more horrific with every word. The last thing the children remembered before they passed out was the look in their teacher’s eyes. When a passing driver came upon the bus many hours later, the teacher and all the students were still unconscious. It took days for them to come round but the teacher was found to be in a deep coma from which he never recovered. The bus driver was never seen again. None of the children on the bus who heard the cow head tale would ever dare to recite it, not even to each other.

anyaha

Supernatural Urban Legend 4
Prime Real Estate Urban Legend
A large, pretty family house in Amityville, New York, has a secret and that’s why it has remained empty for decades, despite a local property boom. In 1974 a man murdered his entire family in that house, shooting his wife and three small children with a hunting rifle as they slept. At his trial the defense tried to get him declared insane, as he claimed that he was being controlled by strange voices in his head belonging to the previous occupants of the house, who had told him to commit the crime.

The experts, however, did not agree that he was mad. The jury convicted him of first-degree murder and he was given four consecutive life sentences, one for each life he had taken. The house lay empty for a year, as the family’s relatives couldn’t bear to even set foot in the place. They finally sold it way under market price to a young family from out of town, who had never heard about the murders. When neighbors finally told them, they pretended that they weren’t bothered, but certain things started to make sense, as they had been plagued with problems since moving in: the water ran red from the taps and mysterious foul-smelling black gunk oozed from the toilets. The father found strange marks in the door frames, which looked to him like the imprint of a small child’s teeth, but his own children denied any knowledge.

Each of the family members reported hearing the sound of music at night, from an unknown source, and, strangest of all, their youngest daughter became obsessed with a demonic imaginary friend that she described as a pig. The parents didn’t believe in ghosts, or anything supernatural, but the kids refused to go upstairs at night, so they called in a priest to perform an exorcism. They told themselves it was just to reassure the kids that the house was safe. The priest was relaxed and friendly when he arrived, but he became noticeably disturbed after blessing the upstairs rooms and left before performing a full exorcism. He told them that although the house was not haunted, on no account should anyone sleep in the third bedroom. They were sceptical, but they locked that door. The happenings continued, but the family were too proud to move—who would buy the place anyway? The final straw came when the young mother was woken by dark red liquid dripping from the ceiling of the bedroom, and the family moved out to a motel that very night. They had lasted six weeks. Nobody in the neighborhood was surprised; some had even commented on how the new owner looked remarkably similar to the murderer and joked darkly that he had escaped just in time to save his family.

Lake Ronkonkoma Urban Legend
Lake Ronkonkoma, in New York State, is an ancient and extremely deep lake that has been linked to many tragic stories. It’s often claimed that someone has drowned there every year as far back as records began. There was once a tribe of Native Americans living on the shores of the lake, at the mouth of a river, and a rival tribe was based on the opposite side. The princess of one tribe fell in love with the prince from the other, and once the elders found out, she was forbidden to even cross the river, never mind see her prince again. The two tribes had been warring for decades, and there was too much bad blood between them to risk a union.

Young love being what it is, the prince and princess took a dugout canoe one night and escaped onto the lake. They didn’t have a plan, but they wanted to be together. They had not been paddling for long when the wind suddenly grew into a monstrous storm, and the surface of the lake was whipped into great waves. They held onto the canoe for dear life as the water around them surged into a foaming whirlpool, and they were dragged down to the bottom of the lake in a tragic embrace. Afterwards, the elders told the youths of both tribes about the pair, explaining that the lake spirits did not agree with the union and that was why they had taken those young lives.

Despite the stories associated with it, the beautiful lake still draws young people to its shores every summer. They paddle boats out into the middle and dare each other to dive into the cool waters. Every year someone fails to surface—always someone who is in a loving relationship—and the body is never recovered. The urban legend story goes that they are cursed by the tragic Native American princess, who, jealous of her victim’s happiness, drags them down into the depths.

The Black Lady of the Woods Urban Legend
A local newspaper in Lincolnshire, England, published images taken by a girl who had been walking with her cousin in woods near her home. She told the paper that they had been playing around with her camera in the dark, taking pictures of her cousin, who was an aspiring model, and didn’t see anybody else around. But when the girls looked at the photographs a couple of days later on a computer, they saw that they had captured strange shadows in the trees: the floating figures of mysterious people and ghostly faces in the darkness. The girls didn’t really believe in ghosts, but after a little research on the history of the woods, they knew exactly what they had captured: the Black Lady of the Woods.

Hidden in the undergrowth is an abandoned stone cottage near a pond where, in the seventeenth century, a poor gamekeeper lived with his wife and son, or so the urban legend story goes. After the outbreak of the English Civil War he was forced into fighting for his master, who supported the king, and marched off to battle. He told his wife that he would return within six months, but he never did, and she took to wandering the woods to look for him.

One Christmas, a band of Roundheads fighting the king rode through the forest on horseback. Identifying the land as enemy territory, they claimed the wood and everything in it, including the gamekeeper’s cottage. They stole everything the wife had, including her young son, and burned the house. It was said that the woman died of grief and, from that day on, people have claimed to see a lady—hunched over and crying, dressed in a black cloak and hood—wandering the woods, looking for her missing husband and child. It’s believed that she can still be seen in the forest to this day, and if you walk in the woods at Christmas time and utter the words, “Black lady, black lady, I’ve stolen your baby” three times, she will appear in front of you.

Betsy’s Voice Urban Legend
Boy Scouts on camping trips tell their rookie recruits a urban legend story that dates back to the early days of scouting after World War Two. In a forest surrounding an abandoned airfield, there was an old house where Scouts would play hide-and-seek. The place had been bought cheaply by a young couple, Betsy and her husband Johnny, before the war. They hoped to renovate it and make it their perfect family home.

Betsy was an aspiring singer whose career was cut short by the outbreak of the war. She was driving down the track from the house one night, when a truck full of soldiers coming back from the pub came the other way. They were making a racket, completely inebriated, and distracting the driver. He took his eyes off the road for a moment to tell them to pipe down, just long enough to veer into Betsy’s path, crashing head first into her car and killing her instantly. Her body was so badly disfigured that the police wouldn’t let her husband, Johnny, say goodbye to her. She was identified only by the large diamond ring he had given her, a family heirloom. Johnny buried the ring with her, devastated, and moved to another country, letting the house go to ruin.

Many years later the house was discovered by a group of Scouts on a hike through the forest from their camp. It seemed like the perfect place to light a campfire, play games and tell creepy stories. But it was not to be an idyllic Boy Scout adventure. The first thing they noticed was a female voice joining them in songs around the fire, which was odd because back then girls weren’t allowed in the Scouts. Above the crackling of the flames, they heard her again, and it sounded as if she was inside the house. Finally, they saw her, initially looking out of the windows and then walking round the campfire: a terribly disfigured girl in a pretty dress. And then Betsy was gone.

The next morning one of the boys could not be woken. His mates were horrified to discover that he was dead, and the only signs of any injuries suffered were some nasty scratches on his face. “Betsy did it!” cried one of the boys, when he saw the body and, after some coaxing, he recounted what had happened in the night.

Betsy had returned to pay the lads a visit in the small hours and woken two of the boys with her singing. She asked them one by one if they thought she had a beautiful voice. The first boy had been too scared to answer and an angry Betsy slashed him across the face with her diamond ring, saying that once he fell asleep, he would never wake up again. Then she asked the other boy the same question and, without hesitation, he told her that she did indeed have a beautiful voice, so Betsy smiled and disappeared into the woods, singing all the way. The terrified boys tried to stay awake, but eventually they both fell asleep. Only one of them awoke in the morning. To this day Scouts are told to listen out for Betsy around the campfire and tell her what she wants to hear; she always wanted to be a singer, but she never liked critics.

Milk Bottles Urban Legend
Two old men ran a general store in a small town in the American urban legend Midwest. The Depression had hit and business was hard: the customers stopped visiting and soon only a few regulars were keeping them afloat. One day a young woman dressed all in white entered the store, carrying an empty milk bottle. She placed it on the counter and one of the men filled it with milk from the churn, asking for ten cents in return. The girl, who had a sad look in her eyes, did not reply; instead, she picked up the bottle and quietly left the store. The man was too surprised to say anything and when he followed her out of the shop, she was nowhere to be found. He went back inside, muttering to himself that she was probably a migrant from the city who didn’t know how things worked out there.

He told his partner what had happened and to watch out for her. The next day she returned, again carrying an empty milk bottle. This time he told her that he knew that times were hard, but she had to pay like everybody else. He filled the bottle from the churn, but again she ignored him and walked out with the milk. On this occasion, however, the two men were ready, and they followed her through the town. She moved quickly, and they could barely keep up, but they saw that she headed for the church and stopped in front of a gravestone, where she disappeared.

The two men couldn’t believe their eyes, but they figured they couldn’t both be seeing things. Then they heard the sound of a baby crying close by, but they couldn’t see anybody. They realized that the noise was coming directly from the gravestone where the woman had vanished into thin air. They returned with shovels from their store, informing the sheriff on their way, and as they dug into the grave, the crying got louder. When they lifted the coffin out, they found a live baby inside, next to the woman from the store, who was clearly dead, and two empty milk bottles.

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Top 10 Scariest Horror Movies
things are about to get scary welcome to watchmojo.com and today we're counting down our picks for the top 10 scariest horror movies for this list we'll be looking at traditionally dark horror movies and how terrifying they are number 10 the Texas Chainsaw Massacre you see those buildings there that's where they kill pretty and foreboding and every scene this slasher flick revels in all the violence and gore that it could possibly throw at its loyal audience when a group of friends decides to pick up a hitchhiker on their way to a family homestead they have no way of knowing just how horrible their world is about to become here's the short version awaiting them with open arms and empty stomachs near their destination is a family of cannibals who use the bones of their victims to furnish their home among the most wanton lead violent films ever made to this day if this Massacre doesn't chill you to your very core we don't know what will [Music] number nine the Blair Witch Project I would have really avoid any cheese one of the most successful indie flix ever the Blair Witch projects marketing campaign made it the most talked about movie in America you wish like oh my god go loose back here the fact that the trailer and teasers that whet the appetite of audiences everywhere gave away virtually nothing about the plot made all of the found footage flicks twists and turns entirely shocking it's utterly unknown stars allowed us to empathize completely which made those surprises even more terrifying while the simple yet horrifying closing seconds ensured this film is one of the scariest of all time number 8 child's play [Music] while on the brink of death lakeshore strangler Charles Lee ray imbues a child's toy with his soul to ensure that his reign of terror will never end children are without a doubt what most people want to protect in this world so when this film centered itself around the idea of having a ruthless killer cuddle up to an innocent child it became many adults worst nightmare anchored by the effortlessly creepy voice work of Brad Dourif any movie that could make children fear the very playthings they adore so much is positive to scare many for years to come number seven Paranormal Activity based principally around home video camera footage of a couple being haunted by supernatural phenomena in their new home this supernatural horror combined everything that made the Blair Witch Project and the Amityville Horror classics of the genre this time however the spectre doing the haunting is a demon that feeds off of negative energy and has latched itself onto Katie basically in paranormal activity we get to see the psychological damage that prolonged exposure to a force of pure evil wreaks on a completely typical couple while getting further thrown for a loop by the many suddenly scary moments played out in front of us enthralling and unsettling it's the moments of quiet and Static that give the sudden action the ability to scare us to our bones number six a Nightmare on Elm Street had your name written all over it it's a simple fact of life we all must sleep what Mother and try as we might we are incapable of staving off sleep forever that's why a horribly disfigured man who wants to kill the younger members of our society in grisly fashion while they sleep is an entirely creepy prospect enraged by his murder at the hands of parents who believed he killed their children Freddy Krueger managed to stave off the hell he deserved despite the later chapters in The Nightmare on Elm Street franchise devolving into over the top humour this first flick is played so seriously that we suggest you don't view it just before bed number five Rosemary's Baby okay let's take it please please let's take it okay darling we get out of the other lace okay like many young couples who are finding their way in the world rosemary and her husband guy are trying to conceive a baby to make baby that is where the resemblance to a typical story ends as rosemary soon finds herself the unwilling focus of a strange group of people and their malevolent plans for her child to be the mere idea of something so evil growing inside of you would be blood-curdling to most of us but when you consider the totally natural love you'd feel for any child you mothered things become positively chilling he came up from Helen but get a son of mortal woman number four the omen on this night mr. thorn God has given us in this Richard Donner flick the suspected Antichrist is not in the womb or a crib but comes in the form of a young and at times innocent looking child [Music] ready and capable of destroying anyone who stands in his way or displeases him Damien's life is surrounded by grief misery and death fraught with violent visuals like decapitations and hangings the omen doesn't pull any punches as it delves into the life of the world's most evil little boy excellent performances and incredible suspense make this movie one of the best horror films of all time [Music] three the ring what would you do if your son had seven days until he dies in horrendous fashion and what if your son's fate was inexorably tied to your fate these are the questions that this remake of the 1998 Japanese film of the same name attempts to answer in the most unnerving way possible fuelled by amazing sound design and a gripping score every moment of the Ring will have you recoiling in terror no need for loads of gore here with just lots of disturbing visuals the use of psychological horror and a haunting vibe it's no wonder the movie was both a critical and commercial smash number 2 alien despite the science fiction elements of the story there can be little debate that alien is in fact also a horror film being stuck inside an environment you can't escape with a mindless creature who only wants to kill you is a creepy idea to be sure combine that with the fact that even the calm of an innocent dinner scene is the setting for unparalleled alarming moments like this movie's unforgettable chest bursts and it becomes clear that Ridley Scott's space adventure doesn't only grab you by the neck it also never lets you go again before we reveal our top pick here are a few honorable mentions [Music] [Applause] [Music] want to play hide-and-clap number one the exorcist gonna die up there what is it about a child and demons that is so enthralled filmmakers over the years in this case we're introduced to Regan a friendly twelve-year-old girl who becomes possessed by a demon after playing with a Ouija board howdy do you think my mom's pretty captain daddy a terrific and refreshing concept for a horror film got taken to the next level by William Peter Blatty exceptional screenplay and the amazing direction of William Friedkin in the Exorcist unflinching and truly scary this is what we'll always imagine an actual possession would look and feel like forcing us to imagine how helpless we'd feel if ever this happened to our loved ones then compounding that with moments like when the demon tells the priest about his mother's fate in Hell your mother sucks [ __ ] in hell be with you this is as scary as scary guess and undoubtedly a horror classic along I'm planning to stay in Regan you got a nice thinking in here do you agree with our list which horror movie.

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The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do

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Re: The Coronavirus Explained & What You Should Do

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